准备 TOEIC 考试,特别是想在金融和银行领域取得好成绩的你,是不是觉得那些专业词汇像天书一样难懂?别担心!今天我就来跟你聊聊这个话题,分享一些我自己的经验和一些非常实用的备考技巧。毕竟,掌握了这些词汇,就像给你的 TOEIC 成绩加了一把“金钥匙”!
为什么金融和银行词汇对 TOEIC 如此重要?
TOEIC 考试,尤其是 Part 5(句子填空)、Part 6(短文填空)和 Part 7(阅读理解),经常会涉及到商务场景。而金融和银行,可以说是最核心的商务领域之一。无论是理解公司财报、会议讨论、客户服务,还是阅读合同和报告,你都离不开这些专业词汇。如果这些词汇不熟悉,阅读速度会大大减慢,理解也会出现偏差,最终影响分数。我有个学生,小李,他一直对金融感兴趣,但在一次模拟测试中,阅读理解部分因为大量金融术语看不懂,错失了 50 分。这让他意识到,针对性地攻克这些词汇有多么关键!
金融与银行场景的常见考点
在 TOEIC 考试中,金融和银行相关的词汇通常出现在以下几个场景:
- 公司财务 (Corporate Finance):涉及公司如何筹集资金、投资以及管理资产,比如 stock (股票), bond (债券), dividend (股息), equity (股本), debt (债务), revenue (收入), profit (利润), balance sheet (资产负债表), income statement (损益表) 等。
- 银行服务 (Banking Services):包括个人和企业在银行进行的各种业务,如 account (账户), deposit (存款), withdrawal (取款), loan (贷款), mortgage (抵押贷款), interest rate (利率), credit card (信用卡), debit card (借记卡) 等。
- 投资与市场 (Investment and Markets):与股票市场、基金、外汇等相关的词汇,例如 invest (投资), portfolio (投资组合), stock market (股票市场), exchange rate (汇率), mutual fund (共同基金), broker (经纪人), analyst (分析师) 等。
- 保险 (Insurance):与风险管理和保障相关的词汇,如 policy (保单), premium (保费), claim (索赔), coverage (保险范围), deductible (免赔额) 等。
精选高频金融与银行词汇解析
下面我为你精选了一些在 TOEIC 考试中出现频率极高的金融和银行词汇,并结合例句进行解析。记住,死记硬背效果有限,理解词汇在语境中的用法才是王道!
1. 核心财务术语 (Core Financial Terms)
Asset (资产): A resource with economic value that an individual, corporation, or country owns or controls with the expectation that it will provide future benefit. Example: The company's main assets include its real estate holdings and its patent portfolio.
Liability (负债): A company's financial debt or obligations that arise during the course of its business activities. Example: The firm is struggling to manage its growing liabilities, which include significant bank loans.
Revenue (收入/营业额): The total amount of income generated by the sale of goods or services related to the company's primary operations. Example: Despite a challenging quarter, the company reported a 5% increase in revenue.
Expenditure (支出): The action of spending funds. Example: We need to carefully review all planned expenditures before approving the budget.
2. 银行操作与服务 (Banking Operations & Services)
Deposit (存款): A sum of money placed or kept in a bank account. Example: Please make your deposit at the teller window.
Withdrawal (取款): An act of taking money out of a bank account. Example: The ATM allows for cash withdrawals up to $500 per day.
Interest Rate (利率): The proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower, typically expressed as an annual percentage of the loan outstanding. Example: The central bank announced a reduction in the benchmark interest rate to stimulate the economy.
Mortgage (抵押贷款): A long-term loan secured by real property. Example: They are applying for a mortgage to purchase their first home.
3. 投资与市场词汇 (Investment & Market Vocabulary)
Portfolio (投资组合): A collection of financial investments like stocks, bonds, commodities, cash, and cash equivalents, including mutual funds and, in the general sense, any assets. Example: He diversified his investment portfolio to mitigate risk.
Stock Exchange (证券交易所): A marketplace where securities (like stocks and bonds) are bought and sold. Example: The company's shares will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange next month.
Exchange Rate (汇率): The value of one currency for the purpose of conversion to another. Example: The fluctuating exchange rate made international trade more unpredictable.
4. 常见搭配与固定用法
很多词汇在 TOEIC 中会与特定的词语搭配出现,掌握这些搭配能帮助你更准确地理解和选择答案。
- To make a profit (盈利) vs. To incur a loss (亏损)
- To apply for a loan (申请贷款)
- To pay a premium (支付保费)
- To file a claim (提出索赔)
- To conduct business (开展业务)
- To manage finances (管理财务)
我的备考经验:如何高效记忆和运用?
讲了这么多词汇,我知道你可能又开始头疼怎么记了。别急,我来分享几个我亲自实践过,并且觉得特别有效的记忆方法。
1. 情境记忆法:在故事和场景中学习
我特别不建议大家只拿着一个词汇表,一个一个地背。那样太枯燥,而且很容易忘记。最好的方法是把这些词汇放到真实的语境中去学习。比如,你可以找一些关于金融新闻的短视频(比如 BBC Business, CNN Business),或者阅读一些简单的英文财经文章。当你在文章中遇到一个不认识的词,比如 insolvent (无力偿付的),你会发现它常常出现在讨论公司破产的新闻里。这样一联系,这个词的含义和用法就立刻鲜活起来了。
案例研究:小美,一位准备 TOEIC 的学生,她发现自己总是记不住 dividend (股息) 和 interest (利息) 的区别。我建议她去看一些关于“公司如何分红”和“银行如何计算贷款利息”的简单英文科普视频。看了几个视频后,她明白了 dividend 是公司利润分给股东的,而 interest 是借贷的成本。现在她再遇到这两个词,就不会混淆了。
2. 主动回忆与测试
学完一批词汇后,一定要进行主动回忆。可以这样做:
- 遮盖法:在笔记本上写下词汇和释义,然后用纸遮住释义,尝试回忆。
- 造句法:用新学的词汇,为每个词造一个与金融或银行场景相关的句子。比如学了 collateral (抵押品),你可以造句:“The bank requires significant collateral for large business loans.”
- 模拟题演练:将这些词汇运用到 TOEIC 的模拟题中,特别注意 Part 5 和 Part 6,看看是否能快速识别和选择正确答案。
我记得我备考时,每次学完一个单元的词汇,都会立刻去做这个单元对应的模拟题。如果做错了,我会立刻回头查那个词,看看是哪个环节出了问题,是记错了意思,还是用法不对。这种即时反馈,效果非常棒!
3. 利用工具与资源
现在有很多非常棒的学习资源,可以帮助你更高效地学习金融词汇。
- 专业词汇APP:市面上有很多专门针对考试词汇的 APP,比如 Quizlet、Anki 等,你可以自己创建词汇卡片,或者使用别人分享的金融词汇库。
- TOEIC 官方指南和模拟题:这些是最权威的学习资料,里面出现的词汇都是考试可能涉及的。
- 英文财经网站:如 Bloomberg, The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times 的部分免费内容。
常见误区及避免方法
在学习金融和银行词汇的过程中,很多同学会犯一些常见的错误,导致效率低下,甚至越学越糊涂。
- 误区一:只背中文释义。很多词汇在不同语境下有不同的意思,只背中文很难掌握其准确用法。避免方法:务必结合英文释义和例句,理解其在英文语境下的含义。
- 误区二:忽略搭配和固定用法。很多金融术语是固定搭配的,比如 interest rate hike (加息),credit crunch (信贷紧缩)。避免方法:学习词汇时,留意其常见的搭配词和固定短语。
- 误区三:缺乏复习,遗忘率高。这是学习任何知识的通病。避免方法:采用艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的原理,定期复习,间隔重复。
实战演练:检验你的学习成果
来做几个小练习,看看你对这些金融和银行词汇的掌握程度吧!
练习 1:选择题 (选出最合适的词填空)
- The company's quarterly ______ showed a significant increase in sales. (A) liability (B) revenue (C) expenditure (D) debt
- To buy a house, most people need to take out a ______. (A) dividend (B) claim (C) mortgage (D) premium
- The ______ on savings accounts is currently very low. (A) exchange rate (B) stock price (C) interest rate (D) balance sheet
练习 2:匹配题 (将左侧词汇与右侧释义匹配)
词汇
- 1. Portfolio
- 2. Deposit
- 3. Analyst
- 4. Policy
释义
- A. A sum of money placed in a bank account.
- B. A person who examines data or information carefully in order to understand it or provide advice.
- C. A collection of financial investments.
- D. A set of instructions or rules, especially one issued by a government or other authority. (也指保险合同)
答案:
练习 1: 1. (B) revenue, 2. (C) mortgage, 3. (C) interest rate
练习 2: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D
怎么样?这些练习是不是让你对金融和银行词汇有了更深的认识?记住,持续的练习和运用是掌握任何语言知识的关键。尤其是对于 TOEIC 这种商务英语考试,把这些词汇用到实际的模拟场景中,你会发现你的进步神速!
最后,我想说,学习金融和银行词汇可能看起来有点挑战,但只要方法得当,并且持之以恒,你一定能攻克它们。把这些词汇变成你武器库中的一部分,让它们助你在 TOEIC 考试中取得理想的成绩!祝你备考顺利!